Mapfumbamwe Mapoinzi eKugadzira uye Kuvaka kweSimbi Mamiriro eFactory Zvivakwa

Simbi chimiro zvivako zvefekitariave achizivikanwa zvakanyanya muinjiniya yekuvaka nekuti anokurumidza kuvaka, akareruka mukuzvitakura, ane yakanaka seismic kuita, uye ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukugadzirwa kwezvivakwa zveindasitiri, ivo zvishoma nezvishoma vakatsiva iyo inorema yakasimbiswa kongiri chimiro.

Zvivako zvesimbi hazvina kushandiswa muChina kwenguva yakareba, uye maitiro avo akadzama uye maitiro ekuvaka achiri kugadzirwa. Kunyangwe zvivakwa zvesimbi zvivakwa zveindasitiri zvinopa zvakawanda zvakanakira, simbi sechinhu zvakare ine zvipingamupinyi-somuenzaniso, kusamira zvakanaka kwemoto uye tsika yekuora. Izvi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa panguva yekugadzira uye nhanho dzekuvaka.

I. Izvo Zvikuru Zvakanakira zveSimbi Structure Factory Zvivakwa

Sezvakataurwa muchidimbu, zvakakosha zvakanakirasimbi chimiro maindasitiri zvivakozviri sezvinotevera. Kutanga, maererano nekumhanya kwekuvaka: zvikamu zvesimbi zvinogona kubudiswa mufekitari; kuvaka kuri nyore uye erection inokurumidza, iyo inopfupisa zvikuru nguva yekuvaka. Chechipiri, maererano nekuzvitakura: uremu hwemaumbirwo echivako hunogona kuderedzwa neanenge 30%; izvi zvine hupfumi zvakanyanya panzvimbo dzine hwaro hwakaderera hwekugona kana kuti yakanyanya seismic fortification intensity, uko hupfumi hwese huri nani pane hwakasimbiswa kongiri masisitimu. Pakupedzisira, maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza: zvivakwa zvesimbi ndezvemhuri ye eco-friendly green building systems; simbi pachayo ndeyepamusoro-simba, yakakwirira-inoshanda zvinhu ine yakakwirira recycling kukosha, uye haidi formwork panguva yekuvaka.

II. Kukosha Kwekugadzira Dhizaini

Kudhirowa ndiyo hwaro hwekuvaka mune chero chirongwa. Munguva yekugadzirwa kwechivakwa chesimbi chivakwa cheindasitiri, nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzechikamu chekuvaka dzinofanirwa kurongeka kuti dziite ongororo yekudhirowa, vachitarisa madhirowa e "zvikanganiso, zvakasiiwa, kudhumhana, uye kushomeka" kuitira kuti matambudziko agadziriswe kuvakwa kusati kwatanga uye kukanganisa kwekudhirowa kwemhando uye hurongwa huchengetwe hushoma. Kune purojekiti yesimbi yekugadzira, magadzirirwo emasangano ekuvaka akasiyana anofanirwa kugadzirirwa nhanho yekugadzira uye nhanho yekumisa; gwaro rekugadzira dhizaini rinofanirwa kuvhara zviyero zvemhando uye tekinoroji zvinodiwa zvega rega rega uye diki-chinhu muchikamu chekugadzira, pamwe nematanho chaiwo akasarudzwa kuti ave nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa.

III. Dhizaini Misimboti yeBracing System

Kuve nechokwadi chemaitiro echivakwa, kunatsiridza kuoma kwayo kwese, kuramba uye kutumira mauto akareba akatwasuka, kudzivirira deformation yakawandisa yenhengo, kudzivirira kuputika kwenhengo dzekumanikidza, uye kuvimbisa kugadzikana kwese kwechivakwa, yakavimbika bracing system inofanirwa kurongeka zvinoenderana nechimiro chechivako, dhizaini dhizaini, vibrating zvishandiso, iyo yega yega nzvimbo uye tembiricha yenzvimbo uye tembiricha. Yese tembiricha nzvimbo inofanirwa kupihwa yakagadzikana yepakati-column bracing system, yakarongwa mukubatana nedenga repamusoro rakachinjika bracing. Chinzvimbo chezasi-column bracing chinhu chakakosha chinogadzirisa kutungamira kwelongitudinal deformation uye kunokanganisa kuwanda kwekushushikana kwekupisa; iyo yezasi-column bracing inofanirwa kuiswa padhuze nepazvinogona kusvika pakati penzvimbo yekushisa, kuitira kuti nhengo dzenguva refu dzakaita sematanda e crane dzinogona kuwedzera uye kubvumirana zvakasununguka kumagumo ese sezvo tembiricha inochinja. Kana tembiricha yenzvimbo ipfupi, seti imwe chete yepasi-column bracing inowanzoiswa pakati. Nekudaro, kana tembiricha yenzvimbo yakareba kupfuura 150 m, maviri seti ezasi-column bracing anofanirwa kuisirwa mukati mezoni kuti ive nechokwadi chekuomarara kwenguva refu; dzinofanira kuiswa mukati mechikamu chetatu chenzvimbo yekushisa kusvika pazvinobvira, uye nzvimbo yepakati-kusvika-pakati pakati pemaseti maviri haifaniri kudarika 72 m, kuitira kuti udzivise kunyanya kupisa kwemhepo.

IV. Mapoinzi Akakosha eSeismic Design

Paunenge uchiita seismic dhizaini yechivakwa chesimbi chivakwa cheindasitiri, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa. Kutanga, maererano nehuwandu hwekugadzirisa, kuwanda uye kuoma kwechimiro kunofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana kuitira kuti chivako chitakurwe zvakafanana uye chinokanganisa nenzira yakarongeka; kusaenzana kuoma kunofanira kudziviswa, sezvo ine mhedzisiro isina kunaka pakuita seismic. Kune iyo yakachinjika chimiro, yakaomesesa furemu, kana furemu umo denga remba rakabatana zvakasimba nembiru, rinofanira kugamuchirwa, kuitira kuti ishandise zvizere basa rinotakura resimbi uye kuderedza transverse deformation. Chechipiri, zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinowanzokundikana kwete nokuti simba renhengo harina kukwana, asi nokuti nhengo dzinosungirirana; saka, yakanyatsorongeka bracing system inovimbisa kugadzikana kwese kwechivako kunonyanya kukosha. Pakupedzisira, pasi pechiito chekudengenyeka kwenyika, kuneta kwepasi-kutenderera kunoitika, uye mhedzisiro yaro pachivakwa inofanira kutariswa mukugadzira. Kugadziriswa kwekubatana kwemaitiro kunofanira kuvimbisa kuti kukundikana kwekubatana hakuitike kusati kwazara-chikamu chekubereka kwenhengo dzemaitiro; nhengo dzinofanirwa kubvumidzwa kupinda muchikamu chepurasitiki kuitira kuti dzikwanise kunyatsotora seismic simba uye kukudziridza kugona kwavo kwekudengenyeka.

V. Kukosha kweKupisa- uye Moto-Resistance Design

Simbi chimiro maindasitiri zvivakwavane moto usingadziviriri. Kana simbi ichipisa pamusoro pe100 ° C, simba rayo rekusimba rinodzikira uye plastiki yayo inowedzera sezvo tembiricha inokwira. Around 250 ° C, simba rekusimba resimbi rinowedzera zvishoma apo purasitiki yaro inodzikira - chiitiko chinozivikanwa seblue brittleness. Pamusoro pe250 ° C, simbi inotanga kunyura. Panenge pa500 ° C, kusimba kwesimbi kunodonha zvakanyanya zvekuti chimiro chesimbi chinogona kudonha. Naizvozvo, pese kana tembiricha yepasi pechimiro chesimbi ichipfuura 150 ° C, kupisa kwemafuta uye dhizaini yekudzivirira moto kunofanirwa kupihwa (kazhinji inowanikwa nekuisa isingadziviriri, inodzivirira moto-inodzivirira moto).

Mukuvaka kwesimbi chimiro maindasitiri zvivako, matambudziko akawanda anoshanda anomuka; pano tinongoongorora chete akatanhamara.

VI. Embedding Anchor Bolts Panguva Yekuvaka

Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kana mabhoti anchor akaiswa zvakasimba akakosha pakugadzikana kwesimbi chimiro indasitiri yekuvaka. Kururama kwemabhoti anchor kunobata zvakananga kuiswa kwechimiro chesimbi. Mabhaudhi eanchor anofanirwa kuvharirwa nekunyatsoona: axis kutsauka ± 2.0 mm, nekukwirira ± 5.0 mm. Usati waisa makoramu anchor mabhaudhi, gadzira ese axis yeyakatwasuka control network pamusoro pepamusoro pembiru hwaro uye vhara loop, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuiswa kwechokwadi kwemabhaudhi; ipapo tara kumucheto kwembiru maererano nematemo. Kana furemu yekutsigira (shoring) yemabhaudhi anchor mbiru yamiswa, endesa iyo inokwirisa inodiwa pane simbi-chubhu furemu. 

VII. Chengetedzo Panguva Hoisting

Mazano makuru ekuchengetedza ndeaya anotevera. Chekutanga, maka muchinjikwa wepakati pahwaro hwendiro yerutsoka rwembiru uye mitsetse yepakati yemabhaudhi anchor, uye chenesa maburi ekugera muhwaro hwembiru; mushure mokunge mbiru yesimbi iri panzvimbo, gadzirisa kukwirira kwayo uye simbisa nuts. Chechipiri, mushure mokunge mbiru dzesimbi mune imwe nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa, isa zvisungo zvekubatanidza (nhengo dzinobatanidza), kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwembiru uye kudzivirira kubva pakuremara kana matanda esimbi achisimudzwa. Pakupedzisira, simudza matanda esimbi: batanidza mapairi emapuranga mukati memhepo uye ita kusimbiswa kwekutanga kwepamusoro-simba mabhoti; danda rekutanga rinofanira kuchengetedzwa newaya ina dzevarume kudzivirira kuti risarerekera kune rimwe divi.

VIII. Matambudziko muKuisa iyo Crane Beam System

Panguva yekuvaka, matanda e crane anofanirwa kuiswa zvakasimba kubva pa column-braced bay, maererano nezvinodiwa. Kana iyo yepakati-column bracing yaiswa uye yakabatana, inoumba yakagadzikana nzvimbo yekuomarara unit; kuisa kubva mubay iyi kwakachengeteka uye zvakare kunovimbisa kuti kumisikidzwa kwema crane matanda hakukanganise verticality yemakoramu. Panguva yekuisa, shim mahwendefa anofanirwa kuiswa pasi pematanda ecrane ane makuru ekupedzisira-chikamu kutsauka; idzi shim dzinofanirwa kusungirirwa panzvimbo mushure mekunge crane beam system yagadziriswa, uye matanda anofanirwa kurongeka zvakanangana nemitsara yekumisikidza isati yaiswa. Iyo braking system inofanirwa kubatanidzwa zviri pamutemo chete mushure mekunge matanda ecrane agadziriswa uye akagadziriswa. Kana iyo brake plate yakabatanidzwa kune crane danda nemabhoti akasimba-akasimba uye kune anobatsira truss newelding, iyo inoteedzana inobata: tanga wabatanidza bhureki rebhureki kune crane danda nemabhaudhi akasimba uye ita kusimba kwekutanga; ipapo gadzirisa truss yekubatsira, tack-weld iyo kune ndiro yakaputika, uye ita kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira kwepamusoro-simba mabhoti; pakupedzisira, weld ndiro yebhureki kune yekubatsira truss. Zvose zviri zviviri kusimbiswa kwepamusoro-simba mabhoti uye welding yeplate yebrake inofanira kupfuurira kubva pakati peplate imwe neimwe kusvika kumativi ose maviri, kuitira kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati mundiro.

IX. Stacking yeSimbi Zvikamu

Kuita kuti kumisa kuve nyore, zvikamu zvesimbi zvinofanirwa kuiswa nenzira inonzwisisika mushure mekunge zvasvika panzvimbo. Misimboti ndeiyi: zvidimbu zvinodikanwa nekukurumidza pakumisa zvinofanirwa kurongedzerwa zvakananga panzvimbo, zvichiteedzera kutevedzana kwekusimudza-izvo zvinofanirwa kusimudzwa zvinotanga kuenda pamusoro, uye izvo zvinozosimudzwa gare gare zvinoenda pasi; zvikamu izvo zvisingadiwi nekukurumidza zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi kubva panzvimbo. Paunenge uchiturika, chengeta makoramu nemapango zvakaparadzana, woarongedza neaxis. Yadhi yekuchengetera inofanirwa kutariswa nevashandi vakasarudzwa; zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekupa uye runyorwa rwekutumira, uye zvinyorwa zvinofanirwa kuiswa. Nhengo dzeH-chikamu dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa dzakatwasuka, hadzina kudzika. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanirwa kutsigirwa pamapoinzi maviri; mapoinzi ekutsigira anofanirwa kunge ari pachikamu chimwe-chinomwe chepakati kubva kumigumo yenhengo. Kana akaturikidzana muzvikamu, hapana anopfuura matatu akaturikidzana anobvumidzwa; matanda emapuranga anofanirwa kuiswa nemazvo pakati pematanho kuti arambe akaenzana, uye mapoinzi ekutsigira anofanirwa kurongeka.