"Locomotive-Style" Zvivakwa zveMaindasitiri: Hofisi yeNhoroondo nhatu Inofanira Kuve Simbi kana Kongiri here?

Chii chinonzi "Locomotive-Style" Industrial Building?

Imba huru ine nhurikidzwa imwe yesimbi-chimiro workshop yakabatana zvakananga kune chivako chehofisi chenhurikidzwa nhatu chiri pedyo nayo. Wekishopu yakafanana nemuviri wechitima, uye hofisi yakafanana neinjini yechitima (musoro welocomotive). Yakabatanidzwa pamwechete seimwe, inodaidzwa kuti "locomotive-style" building.

Sei Iyi Dhizaini Yakagadzirwa?

Muchirevo chimwe chete: Mutengi anoda kuchengetedza mari uye kuchengetedza ivhu.

Mushure mewekishopu yavakwa, iwe uchiri kuda nzvimbo yemahofisi, mazororo evashandi, uye kusangana nevashanyi. Kana ukavaka chivako chehofisi chakasiyana, zvinotora imwe nzvimbo. Iwe unofanirwawo kuchengetedza chinodiwa chekuchengetedza moto chinhambwe pakati pezvivakwa zviviri. Izvi zvinoreva nheyo dzakaparadzana, madziro akaparadzana, uye migwagwa yakaparadzana—izvo zvinodhura mari yakawanda. Saka mhinduro yakangwara yakagadzirwa: batanidza chivako chehofisi zvakananga kumadziro egable (kumagumo madziro) emusangano. Vanogovera madziro mamwe, asi vane mashandisirwo akasiyana uye vakapatsanura yekubuda kwechimbichimbi. Iwe unowana zvese zvaunoda, uchicheka kunze kwekuwedzera mari.

Kune rudzi urwu rwechivako, simbi kana kongiri: Unofanira kusarudza sei?

1. Musangano: Chisarudzo Chiri Nyore—Simbi Ndiyo Yakanakisisa

● Mahombe Spani—Nekugadzirwa kwakanaka, kureba kwemamita 20 kusvika ku30 kuri nyore kugadzira. Makoramu mashoma mukati anoreva nzvimbo yakazaruka yekuisa michina nemidziyo;

● Kuchengeta Simbi—Kushandisa mapani akareba ane denga resimbi rakareruka kunoderedza simbi inodiwa pamatanda nembiru. Kune bhajeti imwechete, simbi inochengetedza mari yakawanda kupfuura kongiri;

● Kuchengeta Nheyo—Nemakoramu mashoma uye uremu hwekuvaka hureruke, mari yefaundesheni yakaderera zvikuru;

● Kuvaka Nokukurumidza—Zvikamu zvinogadzirwa mufekitari uye zvinongounganidzwa panzvimbo. Iko hakuna rebar inosunga, formwork, kana kongiri yekurapa nguva, ichiita kuti ikurumidze kupfuura cast-in-place kongiri.

Naizvozvo, kumusangano, chimiro chesimbi chinozivikanwa nemunhu wese seyakanakisa mhinduro.

2. Sarudzo Yechokwadi: Ndechipi Chimiro Chaunofanira Kushandisa kune Hofisi Yakabatanidzwa?

3. Simbi kana kongiri - sei kusarudza

Chisarudzo chakaoma ndeye "locomotive head" (chivako chehofisi). Chivako ichi chinowanzova nezvinhu izvi: pasi shoma (kazhinji nhurikidzwa nhatu), nzvimbo pfupi (kazhinji 7 kusvika 8 metres), isina mbiru dzepakati (pamwe chete), uye mitoro yepasi yakareruka (inoshandiswa kuita basa remuhofisi).

Dai ichi chaive chivakwa chakazvimirira, furemu yekongiri yaizove iri pachena, sarudzo iri nyore. Asi nekuti yakanamirwa pashopu yesimbi, vanhu vanowanzozeza: Tinofanira kushandisa furemu yesimbi kuenzanisa musangano, kana kunamira nekongiri yechinyakare? Zvose zviri zviviri zvisarudzo zvine zvikonzero zvakanaka. Ngatitarisei pane imwe neimwe zvakajeka:

① Simbi Chimiro Hofisi Chivakwa

Zvakanakira (Pros)

● Kuvaka Nekukurumidza: Mitsipa nemakoramu zvakafanogadzirwa mufekitari uye zvinounganidzwa panzvimbo senge Lego blocks. Chivako chine nhurikidzwa nhatu kazhinji kazhinji chinogona kupera muunenge mwedzi mumwe;

● Huremu: Pauriri hutatu humwe chete, furemu yesimbi inoreruka ne50% pane kongiri. Lower column-base load zvinoreva kuti unogona kuchengetedza mari panheyo;

● Kuita Kwakanaka Kwekudengenyeka Kwepasi: Simbi inochinjika uye yakasimba. Panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika, inokotama pane kutyoka. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzekudengenyeka kwenyika, iyi inguva chaiyo inoponesa upenyu;

● Inofananidzira Musangano: Boka rimwe chete rokuvaka uye gadziriro imwe chete inoshanda pazvose zviri zviviri musangano nehofisi, zvichiita kuti kuwirirana kupfavise uye kuve nyore.

Zvakaipa (Cons)

● Mutengo Wakakwirira Wezvinhu: Simbi sechinhu chisina kubikwa inodhura;

● Kuputira Kusingapindi Moto Kunodhura: Simbi inopera simba mumoto, saka matanda ose nemakoramu zvinoda kuputirwa zvisingatsvi. Concrete haidi iyi yekuwedzera mutengo zvachose;

● Ngozi yeNgura: Inoda pendi yakanaka yekudzivirira ngura uye kugadzirisa nguva dzose nekufamba kwenguva;

● Unyanzvi Hwepamusoro Hunodiwa: Welding, mabhaudhi, uye kugadzwa nemazvo kunoda boka rekuvaka rine unyanzvi.

② Concrete Office Building

Zvakanakira (Pros)

● Mutengo Wakaderera: Zvinhu zvekongiri zvakasimbiswa zvakachipa kupfuura simbi;

● Inodzivirira Moto: Kongiri inodzivisa moto zvakasununguka, inochengetedza 100% yemutengo wekuvhara moto;

● Yakasimba Uye Yakasimba: Inogona kugara kwemakumi emakore nekugadzirisa zvishoma;

● Zviri Nyore Kuvaka: Kugadzira formwork, kusunga rebar, uye kudira kongiri mabasa akajairika. Mazhinji mapoka ekuvaka anogona kuzviita, saka zviri nyore kuwana nekutaurirana nazvo.

Zvakaipa (Cons)

● Heavy Weight: High column-base load inoda nzvimbo yakakura yenheyo pasi pemamiriro akafanana epasi;

● Nguva Yakareba Yokuvaka: Kugadzira moudhi, kudira kongiri, uye kumirira kuti apore kunotora nguva uye hakugoni kukurumidziswa;

● Kudengenyeka Kwepasi Kusina Kusimba: Kongiri inorema uye yakaoma. Panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika, yakanyanya kuoma uye inogona kutsemuka nyore, isina kushanduka kwesimbi;

● Mapoka Maviri Akaparadzana: Rimwe boka rinoita simbi uye rimwe rinoita kongiri. Kutarisira zvikwata zviviri zvakasiyana uye masisitimu kunowedzera dambudziko rekubatana.

③ Chii Chaiye Mutengo Musiyano?

Mari yekuvaka inoshanduka zvichienderana nenharaunda uye mamiriro emusika, saka mitengo haina kufanana kwese. Asi heino mutengo wakajairwa werengedzo (zvichienderana nemitengo yazvino yemusika; mari yekupedzisira inotsamira pamakotesheni emunharaunda):

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, kongiri inodhura. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vakawanda vachida kongiri - shure kwezvose, kuchengetedza mari kunowanzova chinhu chinonyanya kukosha.

④ Imwe Nyaya Iko Simbi Ndiyo Iri Nani Sarudzo

Kana zvinotevera zvikaitika pamwe chete, iwe unofanirwa kufunga zvakanyanya kushandisa simbi chimiro zvakananga:

● High Earthquake Zone (yakadai seSeismic Fortification Intensity yeDegree 8 kana kupfuura);

● Active Fault Line Mukati me10 km yeSiti: Unofanira kuverenga kuwedzera kwesimba rekudengenyeka kwenyika ("near-field effect"). Nekuda kwekuti zvivakwa zvinorema zvinogashira masimba akasimba ekudengenyeka kwenyika, izvi zvinoita kuti kuverenga kwekongiri kuome uye kudhure. Simbi yakareruka, saka haina kunyanya kukanganiswa.